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Time noun and Construction
以前
以前
yǐqián
‘in the past, previously’; 'before...'
以后/以後
以后/以後
yǐhòu
‘in the future’; 'after...'

HSK2 TBCL2

Common errors

Incorrect word order

Learners may be influenced by their native language and place 以前 or 以后/以後 directly before the verb phrase.

*以前考试,我们得认真学习。
考试以前,我们得认真学习。

*以后来中国,我认识了很多中国朋友。
来中国以后,我认识了很多中国朋友。

*以前考試,我們得認真學習。
考試以前,我們得認真學習。

*以後來中國,我認識了很多中國朋友。
來中國以後,我認識了很多中國朋友。

Incorrect Use of Nouns in the pattern …… 以前 and …… 以后/以後

English allows “before / after + noun”, learners often incorrectly use a noun alone in the pattern …… 以前 and …… 以后/以後 in Chinese. However, Chinese requires a verb phrase to mark the time reference.

*课以后,我复习。
下课以后,我复习。

*午饭以前,我去图书馆。
吃午饭以前,我去图书馆。

*課以後,我復習。
下課以後,我復習。

*午飯以前,我去圖書館。
吃午飯以前,我去圖書館。

Errors caused by native transfer

(CS/DK/DE/IT/PL)

Classroom activity

1

The teacher can divide the students into pairs or groups of three. Then the teacher should ask the students to use 以前 or 以后/以後 to describe their daily routines to their group members.

2

After the activity, the teacher can ask each group questions and have students report another student’s daily routine. The teacher can also encourage students from other groups to ask questions to the presenting group. For example:

他起床以后做了什么?
他起床以後做了什麼?

他来学校以前吃早饭了吗?
他來學校以前吃早飯了嗎?

除了学习,他回家以后还做了别的事吗?
除了學習,他回家以後還做了別的事嗎?