Grammatical ItemsGrammatical expression Adverb dōu 都 ‘all, both’ Learn it Adverb háishi 还是/還是 ‘had better; still’ Learn it Adverb yě 也 ‘also, too’ Learn it Adverb yòu 又 “again” Learn it Adverb zài 再 “again”, “some more; another” Learn it Adverbs Learn it Adverbs of time mǎshàng 马上/馬上 “immediately, right away, at once”, xiān 先 “first”, and yǒushí 有时/有时 “sometimes” Learn it Aspectual particle guo 过/過 Learn it Aspectual particle le 了1 Learn it Aspectual particle zhe 着/著 Learn it Comparison among coordinative structures yòu… yòu… 又……又…… ‘both… and…’, yìbiān… yìbiān… 一边/一邊……一边/一邊…… ‘… while … at the same time’ and …, yě… ……，也…… ‘…, and also…’ Learn it Comparison among the adverbs yòu 又, zài 再 and hái 还/還 Learn it Comparison of structural particles 的, 得, and 地 Learn it Comparison: aspectual particles guo 过/過 and le 了1 Learn it Comparison: conjunctions huòzhě 或者 and háishi 还是/還是 ‘or’ Learn it Comparison: Modal verb xiǎng 想 and yào 要 expressing desire or willingness Learn it Comparison: Prepositions cóng 从/從 and lí 离/離 Learn it Comparison: yìdiǎn(r) 一点(儿)/一點(兒) and yíxià(r) 一下(儿)/一下(兒) Learn it Comparison：Modal verb néng 能 ‘can’, huì 会/會 ‘can; know how to’ and kěyǐ 可以 ‘may, can, be allowed to’ Learn it Complements Learn it Conjunction gēn 跟 ‘and’ Learn it Conjunction háishi 还是/還是 ‘or’ Learn it Conjunction hé 和 ‘and’ Learn it Conjunction huòzhě 或者 ‘or’ Learn it Coordinative structure with …, yě… ……，也…… ‘…, and (also)…’ Learn it Coordinative structure with yòu… yòu… 又……又…… ‘both… and…’ Learn it Measure words – nouns Learn it Modal particle le 了2 Learn it Modal verb huì 会/會 ‘can; know how to’ or ‘will’ Learn it Modal verb kěyǐ 可以 ‘may, can, be allowed to’ Learn it Modal verb néng 能 ‘can’ Learn it Modal verb xiǎng 想 ‘would like to, want to’ Learn it Modal verb yào 要 ‘want to, desire to; need to, have to; will (have to)’ Learn it Modifier yìdiǎn(r) 一点(儿)/一點(兒) ‘a bit‘ Learn it Negation Learn it Pattern yuè lái yuè… 越来越/越來越…… “more and more…” Learn it Personal pronoun zìjǐ 自己‘oneself, by oneself’ Learn it Personal pronouns Learn it Preposition cóng 从/從 ‘from; since’ Learn it Preposition duì 对 ‘towards, to’ Learn it Preposition gěi 给 ‘to, for’ Learn it Preposition lí 离/離 ‘from’ Learn it Preposition zài 在 Learn it Progressive aspect marker zài 在 Learn it Quantitative complement Learn it Structural particle de 地 Learn it Structural particle de 得 Learn it Structural particle de 的 Learn it Structure with yìbiān… yìbiān… 一边/一邊……一边/一邊…… “… while … at the same time” Learn it Teacher’s guide 离/離 Learn it Time-measure complement Learn it Verb shì 是 ‘to be’ Learn it Verb yǒu 有 ‘there is; there are’ Learn it Verb yǒu 有 ‘to have’ Learn it Verbal measure word yíxià(r) 一下(儿)/一下(兒) Learn it
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