Pinyin

Character set 简繁

Grammar Items

Adjective reduplication

Adverb cái 才 ‘only after’, ‘not until’, ‘only’

Adverb dōu 都 ‘all, both’

Adverb hái 还/還 expressing relation and time

Adverb háishi 还是/還是 ‘had better’, ‘still’

Adverb jiù 就 ‘right after’, ‘then’, ‘only; just’, ‘right; precisely’

Adverb yě 也 ‘also, too’

Adverb yígòng 一共 ‘altogether, in total’

Adverb yǒu (yì) diǎn(r) 有 (一)点(儿)/有 (一)點(兒) ‘a little; a bit’

Adverb yòu 又 ‘again’

Adverb zài 再 ‘again’, ‘some more; another’

Adverb zhǐ 只 ‘just; only’

Adverbs of time mǎshàng 马上/馬上 ‘immediately, right away, at once’, xiān 先 ‘first’, and yǒushí 有时/有時 ‘sometimes’

Amounts of money

Approximate numbers

Aspectual particle guo 过/過

Aspectual particle le 了1

Aspectual particle zhe 着/著

Chàbuduō 差不多 ‘more or less the same’; ‘about’; ‘almost, nearly’

Comparison between ránhòu 然后/然後, yǐhòu 以后/以後 and hòulái 后来/後來

Comparison between sentences with yòu… yòu… 又……又…… ‘both… and…’, yìbiān… yìbiān… 一边/一邊……一边/一邊…… ‘… while … at the same time’ and …, yě… ……，也…… ‘…, and also…’

Comparison between the adverbs jiù 就 and cái 才

Comparison between the adverbs yòu 又, zài 再 and hái 还/還

Comparison between the aspectual particles guo 过/過 and le 了1

Comparison between the conjunctions huòzhě 或者 and háishi 还是/還是 ‘or’

Comparison of structural particles 的, 得, and 地

Comparison with méi yǒu 没有/沒有 ‘not as… as’

Comparison: bǐ 比, gēn 跟… yíyàng 一样/一樣, and comparative structures using yǒu 有 and méi yǒu 没有/沒有

Comparison: Modal verb xiǎng 想 and yào 要 expressing desire or willingness

Comparison: Prepositions cóng 从/從 and lí 离/離

Comparison: The negation adverbs bù 不 ‘not’ , méi 没/沒、méi yǒu 没有/沒有 ‘not’ and bié 別 ‘don’t’

Comparison: yìdiǎn(r) 一点(儿)/一點(兒) and yíxià(r) 一下(儿)/一下(兒)

Comparison：Modal verb néng 能 ‘can’, huì 会/會 ‘can; know how to’ and kěyǐ 可以 ‘may, can, be allowed to’

Comparisons with yǒu 有 ‘matches in degree or quality’

Compound directional complement

Conjunction gēn 跟 ‘and’

Conjunction háishi 还是/還是 ‘or’

Conjunction hé 和 ‘and’

Conjunction huòzhě 或者 ‘or’

Construction (jiù)yào…le/ (就)要……了and kuàiyào…le 快要……了 ‘about to…’

Construction búdàn…érqiě (yě) 不但……，而且(也)…… ‘not only…, but also…’

Dates and times

Degree adverb zuì 最 ‘the most’

Degree adverbs hěn 很, fēicháng 非常, tài 太, zhēn 真, duō(me) 多(么), hǎo 好

Degree adverbs shífēn 十分 ‘extraordinarily’, tèbié 特别 ‘especially’, tǐng 挺 ‘quite’

Demonstrative pronouns 这/這, 那, 这些/這些, 那些

Demonstrative pronouns 这儿/這兒, 那儿/那兒, 这里/這裡, 那里/那裡

Demonstrative pronouns 那么/那麼, 那样/那樣, 这么/這麼, 这样/這樣

Duō 多 ‘more’ and shǎo 少 ‘less’ as Adverbs

Emphasising specific details with shì … de 是……的

Equal comparisons with gēn 跟 ‘with, as compared with’ … yíyàng 一样/一樣 ‘the same, identical, alike’

Final particle ba 吧

Final particle ma 吗/嗎

Frequency adverb chángcháng 常常 ‘often’

Indefinite pronoun yǒude 有的 ‘some’

Interrogative expression wèi shénme 为什么 / 為什麼 ‘why’

Interrogative pronoun duō 多 ‘how’

Interrogative pronoun nǎ 哪 ‘which’

Interrogative pronoun shéi (shuí) 谁/誰 ‘who’

Interrogative pronoun shénme 什么/什麼 ‘what’, ‘something; anything’, ‘any; every’

Interrogative pronoun zěnme 怎么/怎麼 ‘how’, ‘why’, ‘what’, ‘what kind of’

Interrogative pronouns jǐ 几/幾 and duōshao 多少 ‘how many’

Interrogative pronouns nǎr 哪儿/哪兒 and nǎli 哪里/哪裡 ‘where’

Interrogative pronouns zěnmeyàng 怎么样/怎麼樣 / zěnyàng 怎样/怎樣 ‘how’, ’what kind of’

Interrogatives: A-not-A question

Interrogatives: Using hǎo ma 好吗, kěyǐ ma 可以吗, xíng ma 行吗, zěnmeyàng 怎么样, shì bú shì 是不是

Measure words – nouns

Modal verb huì 会/會 ‘can; know how to’ or ‘will’

Modal verb kěyǐ 可以 ‘may, can, be allowed to’

Modal verb le 了2

Modal verb néng 能 ‘can’

Modal verb xiǎng 想 ‘would like to, want to’

Modal verb yào 要 ‘want to, desire to; need to, have to; will (have to)’

Modifier yìdiǎn(r) 一点(儿)/一點(兒) ‘a bit‘

Negation adverb bié 別 ‘don’t’ expressing negative commands

Negation adverb bù 不 ‘not’

Negation Adverb méi 没/沒、méiyǒu 没有/沒有 ‘not’

Personal pronoun zìjǐ 自己 ‘oneself, by oneself’

Personal pronouns

Preposition cóng 从/從 ‘from; since’

Preposition duì 对 ‘towards, to’

Preposition gěi 给 ‘to, for’

Preposition gēn 跟 ‘with’

Preposition lí 离/離 ‘from’

Preposition zài 在

Progressive aspect marker zài 在

Quantitative complement

Question forms in indirect speech

Question particle ne 呢

Resultative complement

Scope adverb yìqǐ 一起 ‘together’, yíkuàir 一块儿/一塊兒 ‘together’

Sentence with …, yě… ……，也…… ‘…, and (also)…’

Sentence with suīrán 虽然/雖然, dànshì 但是, kěshì 可是 and búguò 不过/不過

Sentence with the pattern yuè lái yuè… 越来越/越來越…… ‘more and more…’

Sentence with xiān…… zài/ránhòu…… 先…… 再/然后/然後…… ‘first… then…’

Sentence with yī…… jiù…… 一…… 就…… ‘as soon as…, then…; whenever…’

Sentence with yìbiān… yìbiān… 一边/一邊……一边/一邊…… ‘… while … at the same time’

Sentence with yīnwèi 因为/因為 ‘because, since’ and suǒyǐ 所以 ‘so, therefore’

Sentence with yòu… yòu… 又……又…… ‘both… and…’

Sentences with rúguǒ…, jiù… 如果……，就…… ‘if…, then…’ and …dehuà, jiù… ……的话/的話，就…… ‘if…, then…’

Simple directional complement

Structural particle de 地

Structural particle de 得

Structural particle de 的

Time adverb gāng 刚, gānggāng 刚刚, gāngcái 刚才 ‘just’

Time adverb yǐjīng 已经/已經 ‘already’

Time Adverb yìzhí 一直‘continuously’

Time noun and construction yǐqián 以前 ‘in the past, previously’ and yǐhòu 以后/以後 ‘in the future’

Time-measure complement

Unequal comparisons – The comparative preposition bǐ 比 ‘to compare with/to’

Using the adjectives 好 hǎo ‘easy; good’ and 难 /難 nán ‘difficult’ with verbs

Verb reduplication

Verb shì 是 ‘to be’

Verb yǒu 有 ‘there is; there are’

Verb yǒu 有 ‘to have’

Verbal measure word yíxià(r) 一下(儿)/一下(兒)